Faculty Development for Medical Educators

R2C2 is an evidence-based reflective model for providing feedback and coaching through an interactive conversation.  It comprises 4 iterative phases:  Relationship, Reaction, Content and Coaching. R2C2 is used extensively in Canada and the US, has been adopted by programs internationally, and has been translated into 4 languages. 

Definition retrieved from: R2C2 feedback and coaching resources. (n.d.). Dalhousie University. https://medicine.dal.ca/departments/core-units/cpd/faculty-development/R2C2.html

The R2C2 Model involves four interconnected phases:

1. Build Relationship – The supervisor or facilitator begins by establishing rapport to engage the learner. They show genuine curiosity about the learner’s experiences, challenges, successes, and goals, allowing the learner to share their perspective. The facilitator explains the purpose of the feedback and addresses any initial questions.
2. Explore Reactions – The supervisor invites the learner to share their initial reactions to the performance data, including any surprises or comparisons to past feedback. This step ensures the learner feels heard, respected, and emotionally supported.
3. Determine Content – Together, the supervisor and learner examine the performance data in detail, clarifying its meaning and identifying potential areas for improvement. The facilitator uses open-ended questions to understand the learner’s interpretation and beliefs about their performance.
4. Coach for Change – The facilitator helps the learner set priorities and create a practical, achievable change plan. This includes defining specific goals, outlining concrete actions, setting timelines, identifying resources and barriers, and planning strategies to overcome challenges. A written plan—prepared by either the learner or facilitator—supports accountability and progress monitoring. The facilitator also ensures there is a follow-up strategy to assess progress over time.

​​​​​​​Information retrieved from: R2C2 feedback and coaching resources. (n.d.). Dalhousie University. https://medicine.dal.ca/departments/core-units/cpd/faculty-development/R2C2.html

The video below demonstrates an R2C2 session and explains each step.

Below are some resources on the R2C2 model.